Guidance Released to Address Cyber Security Risks in LEO Satellite Communications
Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communication services are expanding rapidly, offering new connectivity options for governments, businesses and remote communities. However, the increasing reliance on these systems also introduces new cyber security considerations. To address these risks, the Australian Signals Directorate’s Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC), working with international partners, has released guidance to help organisations assess and manage the security implications of adopting LEO SATCOM services.
The guidance, published by the Australian Cyber Security Centre, was developed in collaboration with the Australian Space Agency, the Canadian Centre for Cyber Security, the United States National Security Agency and the New Zealand National Cyber Security Centre. It aims to support organisations in making informed procurement and operational decisions when deploying or relying on LEO satellite communication systems.
Understanding the Security Risks in LEO Satellite Systems
LEO satellite constellations are increasingly used to deliver broadband connectivity, enable remote operations and support critical services. Their architecture typically involves multiple interconnected components, including satellites in orbit, ground infrastructure and end-user devices. Each of these elements introduces potential cyber security vulnerabilities.
The newly released guidance outlines risks and mitigation strategies across three primary segments of LEO SATCOM systems: the space segment, ground infrastructure and the user segment. It also examines broader issues affecting system resilience, such as the security of communication links, supply chain dependencies and the management of sensitive data.
Supporting Secure Procurement and System Resilience
A key feature of the guidance is a set of practical questions organisations can use when evaluating LEO SATCOM service providers. These questions are intended to help assess how providers manage cyber risks, maintain system resilience and protect data across the lifecycle of satellite communication services.
For public sector agencies and operators of critical infrastructure, the ability to evaluate these factors is particularly important as satellite connectivity becomes embedded in essential services. Initiatives across Australia are also strengthening technical capabilities in this area, including research efforts such as a simulation platform developed by the University of South Australia to test space cyber security scenarios.
Growing Importance of Secure Space Infrastructure
As satellite networks expand, governments are placing greater emphasis on strengthening cyber resilience across the space ecosystem. National capability-building efforts, including programmes focused on developing next-generation space skills and technologies, aim to ensure that both public and private sector organisations can manage emerging risks linked to space-based infrastructure.
Organisations that depend on LEO SATCOM for operational connectivity, remote services or mission-critical systems are encouraged to review the new guidance and evaluate their exposure to potential cyber threats. Proactive risk assessment and stronger security practices will be essential as satellite communication becomes an increasingly important part of digital and national infrastructure.
